1.
“The
acquisition of knowledge is more a matter of recognition than of judgment.”
Evaluate this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.
2.
Is
the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge?
Explore this question with reference to two areas of knowledge.
3.
“Conflicting
knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” Discuss with reference
to two areas of knowledge.
4.
“Error
is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is
this the case in two areas of knowledge?
5.
“Metaphor
makes no contribution to knowledge but is essential for understanding.”
Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge.
6. “Ways of knowing operate
differently in personal and shared knowledge.” Assess this claim.
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ReplyDeleteClaim number 3 would be an interesting topic to write about because humans need to look at a situation from other's perspective more than they do now. There have been times in my life where looking at a new perspective has radically changed my view on things, and made me a better person because of it. The new view may not have the same biases as you or perhaps some facts you have overlooked.
DeleteClaim number 4 appealed to me the most because of how true it just is. By making necessary mistakes, others now know not to repeat them over again. Instead, they choose a new method or technique to accomplish their task. If they fail, they repeat again and again until they are 100% error free. Each mistake makes one stronger if they can handle it correctly in the future.
I would consider doing claim 3, because its true how everyone has their own perspective of things and from that problems will arise. People must learn to look at both perspectives, however I believe everything depends on ones opinion. The question does seem vague on what "difference perspective" means.
Delete4. This seems interesting to me since I believe that you have to make an error in order to fix your mistakes. This would be some what difficult since errors can also keep you from success. There are two ways to look at this question.
I would consider doing claim 3, because its true how everyone has their own perspective of things and from that problems will arise. People must learn to look at both perspectives, however I believe everything depends on ones opinion. The question does seem vague on what "difference perspective" means.
Delete4. This seems interesting to me since I believe that you have to make an error in order to fix your mistakes. This would be some what difficult since errors can also keep you from success. There are two ways to look at this question.
Please post here.
ReplyDelete2. Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Explore this question with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDeleteand
4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
These two titles are interesting to me because they make you think beyond just the asked question. They make you dig deep into your knowledge and configure examples to provide evidence for each question and in how I am going to answer these questions and how I can set this up in order to present in an essay/paper format. I am a bit confused on what "two areas of knowledge" means, but I bet I'll be able to figure that out after a few weeks of TOK and learning the theory of knowledge of what it consists of. In title 4, I noticed how the question only pertains to the production of knowledge, and not just knowledge in general. So my thinking and ideas will have to be more narrow to the production of knowledge. In title 2, it is more of a broad question, therefore I will have to look at the question from both angles first, both the yes, more data is always helpful in the production of knowledge and no, more data is not always helpful in the production of knowledge. And once I have mapped out my ideas and thoughts to which side I agree with more, I will be able to transform my ideas and thoughts into a paper style format.
I would consider writing a paper on the second or fourth prescribed title. Because both of these topics relate directly to my life as a high school student, I would be able to use my own experiences to help me write my paper. The second title prompts, “Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge?” I found this title interesting because it is a current issue affecting school systems. On the one hand, students have access to far more information, study tools, databases and electronic forms of communication, which all help students succeed. These tools make academic help and guidance far more accessible. However, on the other hand, technology and data can promote cheating, copying, and less critical thinking in students. Outside of school, however, I 100% believe more access to data is helpful in the production of knowledge. People are able to better educate themselves and learn about other cultures and happenings in the world, which leads people to be less ignorant and more socially conscious. I could see getting trapped with this prompt as someone could potentially argue that increased social knowledge might lead to more prejudice in some people. The second title I would consider writing about is the fourth, which prompts, “Is error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge?” I found this topic interesting as it also applies to our school system. Making mistakes is just as valuable as accuracy in the learning process. If you make a mistake and correct it, you will learn just as much as getting it right on the first try. In social situations, people need to make mistakes as children and adolescents so that they can learn from them and correct them. I could see getting stuck on this topic because error is just as valuable as accuracy if you correct the error. If not, you will not be able to learn from it at all.
ReplyDelete3. “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDelete4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
3)I found this interesting because to truly understand, one must see the situation from both perspectives. Of course one should judge a situation with a critical lens and not deem the situation with a bias or see either side as wrong which would be the difficulty on this subject because it may seem to rely on opinion. Although understanding a situation from both perspectives would be beneficial in widening views.
4)I find this interesting because people often learn by making mistakes and then correcting those mistakes. That is generally part of the learning process. Although the difficulty I can see in this topic is that not all times are mistakes corrected and if one learns something the supposed wrong way this can be bad for what ever situation it pertains to.
ReplyDelete2. Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Explore this question with reference to two areas of knowledge.
5. “Metaphor makes no contribution to knowledge but is essential for understanding.” Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge.
I would consider writing an essay on topic two due to the fact that in our world today, new data is constantly produced everyday. But with the word "data", in my mind it refers to proven facts which would not be applicable to personal knowledge, making it more difficult to explore the question with reference to two areas of knowledge. With data comes new discoveries and proven theories, adding to the memory banks in our brains.
Question five is an interesting concept considering that a metaphor is frequently used in English writings and poetry. A metaphor is simply a comparison that the author personally makes. The possibility of readers interpreting the meaning in different ways can always affect the intended meaning. Because of the vagueness of a metaphor and the broadness of them, a reader can never acquire knowledge from understanding a metaphor. The way of interpretation depends on both their own personal and shared knowledge.
3. “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.”
ReplyDeleteI would write an essay on this particular topic and title because it relates not only to the school system but life in general. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion and can express it freely. Different people know various things because of their own personal experiences. This provides conflicting and varying perspectives on life, statements and the world. What one person "knows" might not always be what another person claims to know because they haven't experienced something that will lead to that realization. I believe it is accurate and perfectly normal for everyone to have conflicting knowledge claims because once again everyone views life differently based on their own experiences. Culture can also be a part of this title because other countries definitely have different perspectives on politics and overall manner of living because of their country's beliefs and history. This does not necessarily mean they are wrong, just that they haven't seen the other side of the argument.
4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.”
I believe that this title also relates to the school system directly. Many people feel that they learn by doing. This could be by doing an activity related to the topic or by doing it wrong and seeing how. Rejection is sometimes more valuable than doing something successfully. I would choose this title because I personally believe that failures teach more to a person than a success. Children especially need to learn what is wrong by doing it and seeing the consequence. This then teaches them what not to do in the future and what will happen if they do. Overall, correcting a mistake is much more beneficial in the educational process than getting the right answer first.
The second and fourth prescribed titles interest me because they immediately bring ideas to my head in how to answer them. The second question prompts the reader to consider the effects of data on the production of knowledge. I think that the second question is especially relevant with the excess of data that is available to the public due to the internet. This can either improve or diminish the worth of research. With the access to previously collected data, students and researchers could be tempted to use that data instead of creating their own. In addition to this, repeating experiments to create the same data does not lead to further knowledge. This can either improve or diminish the worth of research. Occasionally the excess of knowledge on the internet causes people to make their thesis and find data to fit that instead of going through the actual scientific process. I would most likely use case studies to investigate the impact of too much data on research in different areas of knowledge. The fourth question discusses the relevancy of error when compared to accuracy, asking whether they are of equal worth. As someone who is interested in going into scientific research, I am aware of the importance of accuracy in creating relevant and viable data. That being said, error often leads to interesting advancements in science and mistakes simply tell you how not to perform the task. Errors often reveal issues in the procedures or the methods and this is very important as well. Especially in the case of schools, where making mistakes causes students to learn how to problem solve and solve these errors. With either question it would be easy to get sucked into one side of the issue and not consider both sides before making an educated decision on where I stand.
ReplyDelete4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
ReplyDeleteThe value of errors is an extremely relatable subject for me personally as a student, and as a human who continually makes mistakes in life. One of the greatest skills I have learned in Montgomery High School through sports and academics is to expect mistakes, and, when those mistakes happen, to be able to build myself from those mistakes. I passionately believe this subject is valid in all areas of knowledge, but I would focus on mistakes in Natural Sciences and History, which parallel each other. I think this question does have a trap in that, although this statement is true, one could argue that some errors have caused more harm than good in the production of knowledge. For example, in my Biology class we have learned that in the subject of Taxonomy, eager scientists sometimes communiqué their theories too quickly and if anyone is harder than learning things, it is UN-learning things.
1. “The acquisition of knowledge is more a matter of recognition than of judgment.” Evaluate this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.
One of my favorite sayings is that there is rarely a Da Vinci. Knowledge covers a vast range of areas, and rarely can someone logically judge every area of knowledge, therefore many assume that most of the knowledge told to them is true. If I were to write this paper, it would be two sided. I would use the areas of Math and Science as my areas of knowledge. One side of my argument would be the Da Vinci saying: People assume a lot of the knowledge that they are given, and judge only some areas. The other side of my argument would be that many scholars are living counters to the previous argument, and some people question most of the knowledge given to them. Some people have a logical process in their mind that fact checks the possibilities of knowledge, whereas others accept that the genius’s of the past cannot be wrong and nothing we learn today needs to be fixed, or they do not care.
4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
ReplyDeleteThe value of errors is an extremely relatable subject for me personally as a student, and as a human who continually makes mistakes in life. One of the greatest skills I have learned in Montgomery High School through sports and academics is to expect mistakes, and, when those mistakes happen, to be able to build myself from those mistakes. I passionately believe this subject is valid in all areas of knowledge, but I would focus on mistakes in Natural Sciences and History, which parallel each other. I think this question does have a trap in that, although this statement is true, one could argue that some errors have caused more harm than good in the production of knowledge. For example, in my Biology class we have learned that in the subject of Taxonomy, eager scientists sometimes communiqué their theories too quickly and if anyone is harder than learning things, it is UN-learning things.
1. “The acquisition of knowledge is more a matter of recognition than of judgment.” Evaluate this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.
One of my favorite sayings is that there is rarely a Da Vinci. Knowledge covers a vast range of areas, and rarely can someone logically judge every area of knowledge, therefore many assume that most of the knowledge told to them is true. If I were to write this paper, it would be two sided. I would use the areas of Math and Science as my areas of knowledge. One side of my argument would be the Da Vinci saying: People assume a lot of the knowledge that they are given, and judge only some areas. The other side of my argument would be that many scholars are living counters to the previous argument, and some people question most of the knowledge given to them. Some people have a logical process in their mind that fact checks the possibilities of knowledge, whereas others accept that the genius’s of the past cannot be wrong and nothing we learn today needs to be fixed, or they do not care.
2. Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Explore this question with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDeleteI think this topic is interesting because we face this issue every day in our school system. Teachers and students alike sometimes believe that knowledge lies within memorizing, the internet, and other sources, but this is not always the case. In some instances, true knowledge/deep knowledge/useful knowledge lies within ourselves. In addition, a lot of knowledge lies within experience and figuring things out for ourselves. In some instances, the abundance of knowledge we have at our fingertips can be incredibly limiting to the actual amount of knowledge that we absorb. I think this topic is incredibly relevant in our society today and I would be very interested in writing on it.
4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
This topic is intriguing as well, and definitely applies to school again. Often, especially in advanced/IB classes, people are too worried about getting something wrong and they limit themselves. This happens very often - as many “advanced” students are terrified of getting a bad grade, doing something incorrect, or anything that might give them the negative/embarrassing feeling of being wrong (because they so often aren’t). However, what we completely miss is the fact that there is actual value in the mistakes that we make and that there is something to be learned from them as well.
1. "The acquisition of knowledge is more a matter of recognition than of judgement." Evaluate this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDeleteThis prompt is interesting to me because I believe that you do not have to have the strongest arguments or opinions in order to be the most intelligent. When someone tends to have a strong opinion on something, they tend to just focus on that one thing without spending time broadening their knowledge. I believe that knowledge is having a broad understanding of everything, rather than a deep understanding of few things. In order to know more, you must recognize the different views, opinions, and elements on something instead of just judging it and developing one opinion. I think in life people are too quick to judge and if they took the other sides into consideration, the world would be a different place.
6. "Ways of knowing operate differently in personal and shared knowledge." Assess this claim.
I think this topic is intriguing because everyone leads different lives and has their own personal experience, therefore their personal knowledge is different from someone else's. Shared knowledge tends to hold the same opinion over something, whereas personal experience is solely based off of that person, so the two differ. In order to broaden knowledge, both personal knowledge and shared knowledge needs to be taken into account. This topic sounds interesting to me because I like seeing the ways that shared knowledge and personal knowledge differ based off of experience and their lives. When writing this as a paper, I would first discuss how differed shared and personal knowledge affect a situation and see how they can be similar and how that too affects a situation.
4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
ReplyDeleteThis topic is interesting to me because in many aspects of our lives, it is sometimes important and beneficial to be wrong or create errors. In society, we teach people that we must always strive for success, and making a mistake or being wrong characterizes you as a complete failure. However, I believe that error has its own values, such as teaching a person to learn from their mistakes and see how they can improve in the future. Also, many of the successes we have today were not achieved with one attempt; they were conducted multiple times by trial-and-error until the optimum result was produced. This concept applies to the production of knowledge, in which the knowledge we have today can always be discussed and proven right or wrong, enhancing our overall value and perspective of knowledge.
6. “Ways of knowing operate differently in personal and shared knowledge.” Assess this claim.
This topic intrigues me because I think that personal and shared knowledge are two completely different things and both must always be considered when discussing the ways of knowing. Every person has their own opinion and perspective on life, which ultimately reflects their ideas and beliefs. Shared knowledge is a mixture of everyone’s opinions melted into one, whereas personal knowledge is more intimate. Each individual personal knowledge is unique and adds value to the entirety of shared knowledge, which is why they should not be ignored or unaccounted for. Due to the each person having their own personal knowledge, both personal and shared knowledge should be analyzed in order to expand our knowledge about something and methods of knowing.
The second and fourth prescribed titles are the most interesting and appealing to me. For the second title, the answer can be answered not only with a yes or no, but rather can be approached carefully and answered with a tentative ‘maybe’. This topic brings up whether or not the extra data is relevant to the particular area of knowledge. With the increasing reliance on technology in the digital age, students have more access to a variety of websites, blogs, and more. However, the accuracy of the information in each website is not often checked and false information is readily taken by these students. This hinders the helpfulness in production of knowledge in some ways, yet also educates us on other cultures in ways that we would not have been able to without the internet. I was also interested in the fourth prescribed title, where error is as valuable as accuracy. I fully agree with this statement, especially in a school setting. Although accuracy is important, mistakes along the way help the student understand where they made the error and how to ensure they do not make the same error again. Often times, an error on a test or homework leave students insecure and doubtful of themselves. Errors should not be a sign of imperfection or weakness, but rather a sign of improvement and optimism, heading in the right direction afterwards.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDelete4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.”
I feel like I could explore this topic, as it is such an important step in learning, however is not only discouraged in schools but in our society as well. It is often stressed that failure is negative, only resulting in punishment or terrible consequences. However failure is learning; we are taught at such an early age that walking and falling is a positive thing, you learn to pick yourself up and learn from your experience. Yet now as young adults we feel this disabling pressure to never fail, that if we do our dream of getting to college is instantly ruined, we will be begging in the streets with the rats and die alone and cold. If we just allow ourselves to accept failure, build on our weaknesses, and gain knowledge, all will be right in the universe.
6. “Ways of knowing operate differently in personal and shared knowledge.”
This topic is fascinating in the way that literally everyone on earth has a different perception of the world around us. The variation in mindsets change due to shared knowledge, as different perceptions come together to create new perceptions. While I see one thing and think of sadness and grief, another person could see it as absolute joy and pleasure. The mix of personal knowledge and how we know what things around us are even though we see it differently is just simply amazing.
I would write about titles four and five. I feel that I have personally experienced situations in which I have learned directly from my errors and can effectively state that errors are as valuable as accuracy. In some cases errors are even more valuable than accuracy considering they can point you in the right direction. Also, I am intrigued by title five and would like to know if there is a difference between understanding and knowing in that context. I'm also curious whether certain areas of knowledge could work better or worse with each title.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDelete2. Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Explore this question with reference to two areas of knowledge.
This issue is intriguing to me because increased availability of data is touted as one of the greatest achievements of recent history. The internet, lower cost devices, libraries, and other ways of obtaining data are more prevalent than ever. It is easy to get stuck in thinking that all of this is inherently amazing. It is important to remember that if a person does not know how to evaluate the validity of data, or interpret it, the increased availability could also cause harm in the form of fear mongering if a person does not understand the data being given to them and chooses to accept what they say regardless of lack of knowledge, or something far more sinister. Knowledge does not just mean having the data at hand, but also understanding what it means. In ethics, data is less helpful than more conceptual understanding. In the arts, data is less applicable than exploration. The availability of data is useful in many circumstances for the production of knowledge, but there are also some times where it is not.
4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
This topic is interesting to me because error is often discouraged, but it is an important part of learning. In our society, it is easy to think that accuracy is always better than making a mistake. The reality is that when trying something new, it is unusual to make no mistakes. “Learn from your mistakes” is a popular phrase, but it is uncommon to see people actively encouraging mistakes. The trap in this question is that errors should be expected, but even if the first attempt is going to fail it is important to aim to succeed anyway. The study of history could be interpreted as learning from the mistakes of the past. In science, theories are used until proven wrong, but still contribute to understanding. Students are often taught the initial theories about the structure of the atom because they are helpful when trying to understand the more complex modern model. Each model expanded on the previous one, and if the initial scientists had not attempted to make a model despite it being impossible to confirm the true structure, then the subsequent discoveries might not have happened.
2."Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge". I agree with this statement because the more facts you have at your disposal about a topic, the more one will learn. Data, or facts also help instill confidence in one's own knowledge. For example if I were to give a presentation in front of a class, I would do more fact based research rather than opinion based so I could feel more at ease sharing what I know with a group of people.
ReplyDelete4."Error is as valuable as accuracy in the the production of knowledge'. I am a firm believer in the idea that there is no success with out failure. For me these two concepts go hand in hand. When someone is uncertain of what they think they know, they ask questions. When that person goes to a reliable source to seek the answer, their facts will either be confirmed or the person will learn something new. An example of this would be if I were to ask my art teacher how to properly use watercolor, a dialogue between us as student and teacher would then open up and allow me to learn more about the medium.
3. "Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” The title is interesting because there are so many differing theories and claims within human society. They involve a difference in perspective because a person must have a different personal knowledge of a topic in order to have a different opinion. This topic can be explored through a variety of different areas. For example, when examining the topic of religion, there are so many different beliefs about supernatural powers and the purpose of the universe. Each person has a slightly different belief depending on cultural background and personal values and beliefs. This topic is so interesting because there are so many issues that are up to debate because there are so many possible ways to view an issue based on personal knowledge. Some possible traps to this topic is that people can argue that only one belief is true or real because that is what they believe. However, this argument is inconsiderate towards the ideas and claims of others.
ReplyDelete4. "Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge."This title is interesting because many people view failure as retrogression or as a way of hindering the pursuit of the truth. However, the errors one makes when seeking knowledge can provide ways of modifying the technique one employs in this search.Furthermore, it allows an opportunity to disprove other possible theories. Because error is so often discouraged, society becomes more focused on the results rather than the process of pursuing knowledge. A possible problem with this statement is that one can easily argue that continuously making mistakes will impede the efficiency of producing results. However, the methodology and process of pursuit is very important and making mistakes is significant in understanding this. Therefore, in my paper, I may decide to study the importance of the scientific method and how error analysis is always an important part of the lab for evaluating and improving the procedure. By improving the procedure, one learns from their mistakes and thereby advances the ability to discover new knowledge.
3. Differences in perspective are what makes humans so fascinating. We gain knowledge from are experiences, meaning two people with totally different perspectives (and therefore knowledge) can both be right. No knowledge is a complete picture if only one person contributes. Knowledge is incredibly human.
ReplyDelete4. History and Science are both really good examples of this. So much is done through trial and error in the human development, so much relies on our ability to keep pushing forward and improving. If we never make mistakes, we can't know what's wrong and what not to do.
2.Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Data is being made everyday, this data helps people better understand things they may of had no or little knowledge about. I believe the more data a person learns about the more knowledgeable they are. Some conflicts that people might have with data is when they firmly believe in one thing but there is data that can prove what they believe in is wrong this might be hurtful to their production of knowledge.
ReplyDelete3. “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” This would be interesting to learn about different perspectives to one knowledge claim. Everybody has a different perspective that they believe is write or wrong. For example some people remember the same situation differently due to different emotions of points of view when that memory happened. There will always be someone with a conflicting perspective to another persons perspective.
2.Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Data is being made everyday, this data helps people better understand things they may of had no or little knowledge about. I believe the more data a person learns about the more knowledgeable they are. Some conflicts that people might have with data is when they firmly believe in one thing but there is data that can prove what they believe in is wrong this might be hurtful to their production of knowledge.
ReplyDelete3. “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” This would be interesting to learn about different perspectives to one knowledge claim. Everybody has a different perspective that they believe is write or wrong. For example some people remember the same situation differently due to different emotions of points of view when that memory happened. There will always be someone with a conflicting perspective to another persons perspective.
2. Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Explore this question with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDeleteI am interested in writing my semester paper on this topic, because it focuses on the main aspect of today's and the future generations of the world, data and technology. I would write this paper by giving examples of researchers who needed additional data to prove something or come to an conclusion. I would persuade the readers by communicating that additional data is always useful and important. Having more data ultimately makes people more educated. The flaw of having a great amount of data is having people not truly understand what it means or how to use it, which could cause error. The other downside of having large amount of data is that not all of it could be true. Today, anyone can make a website and put in whatever information they want on it.
4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
This topic is intriguing to me because everyone commits numerous errors throughout their life and if they learn from them is directly up to the person. Making errors is an important piece in learning. I would use the main idea of trial and error to answer the question of this topic. History and science are two main pieces of evidence that support my claim. One's errors may contribute to others knowledge.
In my opinion, I would choose topic 2 and 4. Topic number two has multiple different answers to it and an endless amount of scenarios that could differ the answer to the question. You could say that it's quality over quantity or vice versa depending on the subject at hand. I would probably enjoy thinking of a conclusive answer for this question as well as finding research for it. However, because that their are so many different answers to this question, one can never be right so that's probably a trap. Number 4 would also be interesting to research. I would write about how errors can be helpful, but they can also hurt. It's the same with number two, their are and endless amount of answers to this question besides just yes and no. If the error is simply a math error on some students paper, that's one thing. But if the error affects the world on a global scale than its probably bad. But In both cases you learn something so in the end I guess that statements true. Well I just fell in to that trap.
ReplyDeleteTopic 4:
ReplyDeleteAs many of my classmates have pointed out, error is essential in the learning process. Throughout history we have learned because people pushed the norms of what is considered correct. They took ideas that seemed unreasonable and horrific (at the time) and explored them. Someone like Socrates would not care if he were right or wrong, he wanted to learn and change the way we perceive the world and for the better. No one is ever right all the time and it is extremely important to expand one's comfort zone to grow as a learner and person. Medical science has to be willing to conduct clinical trials in the pursuit of better treatment. We would be living in the Dark Ages if we as humans wanted to be right our entire lives.
Topic 3:
Is anything true? Or is everything a function of perspective? The experiences we have influence the way we see the world. Thus we can have multiple interpretations of things claimed to be true (a piece of knowledge). So how is that true? If two people can look at the same solid thing and interpret two different meanings, what is true? Hamlet can be read in multiple different ways, yet the text is the same. Electoral candidates can be great or the worst thing for the country depending on who you are.
4) “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
ReplyDeleteAnd
3)"Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in opinion." Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
In regards to number 4 I would most likely adress this with a scientific lens for the first area of knowledge. That might be a bit of a trap, seeing as most would view the "error is essential" bit and immediately think of science and not think of other areas of knowledge, but it is fascinating to view it through a scientific lens, considering how much of our life is ruled by this area. For the second I would most likely try to respond in regards to the Ethics area of knowledge because I find that interesting. It would be cool to try and see how errors in what some may think of in regards to other people can later be changed and increase awareness in what's right or wrong.
As for number 3, I would definitely go towards the faith and ethics, because the differences within those two areas and the differing opinions in them are the most fascinating. Everyone has different opinions, and this affects their perception of the world and what they hold to be true.
2. Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Explore this question with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDelete3. “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
For the first topic pertaining to the amount of information assosciated with the levels of knowledge is interesting for an innumerable amount of reasons. For example more data does not always translate to more knowledge as data contains the potential to be flawed or biased. Not all data is correct henceforth data does not always result in increasing levels of knowledge. I would personally enjoy to delve into this discussion and explore more methods if which to increase my level of understanding
between data and knowledge. I also would like to learn how to apply areas of knowledge to this topic.
The second topic discussing conflicting knowledge as a result of difference in perspective is also very intriguing. This topic is intriguing in the fact that knowledge can be limited or expanded through difference of opinion. For example some people deny the data of global warming as they fail to recognize climate change, thusforth resulting in the mitigation of that specific persons knowledge.
I feel that this subject would be interesting to investigate as the extent of ones knowledge may or may not be affected by their perspective compared to others. Altogether this topic has many different directions it can go making this a topic of interest for me.
for my prescribed titles I would probably choose 4 and 6. the idea of knowledge is appealing to me, especially after watching multiple smarter every day YouTube videos. I feel like I would be capable of analyzing these topics to a good extent and find creative ideas within them. knowledge and understanding are two very important aspects in society that should be discussed more often so that people are not confused between the two.
ReplyDeleteOne of the most commonly confused things in society is that failure and error are not included in learning new things or lessons. what I find is that this is entirely incorrect because I believe that error and mistakes are the most crucial part of knowledge because you can learn from mistakes.
3.) “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.”
ReplyDeleteTopic 3 seems to be a very broad subject in which all knowledge claims can be analyzed completely differently depending on a person or a group of people's perspective. This is at least how i interpret the prompt, i could be completely of base with what this actually means. I do find this topic interesting in the way that all people believe and base their knowledge off personal experiences and even though this is not a new idea a lot of people actually can not comprehend it in certain cases. This would be something that i would base the topic on, the idea that people will claim certain ideas and beliefs without having any sort of personal perspective on the subject.
4.) “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.”
This topic is something that we hear all the type and have had repeated to us for our who live:
“learn from your mistakes”. I personally believe this saying is quite insightful and most defiantly helps learning processes. If you do something wrong you most like will not commit the same mistake again. This difficult point in this subject can be the result of what happens when one does not recognize an error they have committed. If you do something wrong but you wont admit that you've committed a mistake how would you be able to learn from it? In such a case of unaccepted mistakes how can error possibly be as valuable as accuracy if one is not able to learn from a mistake. This topic seems problematic to me and could be an interesting subject to think about.
3.) “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.”
ReplyDeleteTopic 3 seems to be a very broad subject in which all knowledge claims can be analyzed completely differently depending on a person or a group of people's perspective. This is at least how i interpret the prompt, i could be completely of base with what this actually means. I do find this topic interesting in the way that all people believe and base their knowledge off personal experiences and even though this is not a new idea a lot of people actually can not comprehend it in certain cases. This would be something that i would base the topic on, the idea that people will claim certain ideas and beliefs without having any sort of personal perspective on the subject.
4.) “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.”
This topic is something that we hear all the type and have had repeated to us for our who live:
“learn from your mistakes”. I personally believe this saying is quite insightful and most defiantly helps learning processes. If you do something wrong you most like will not commit the same mistake again. This difficult point in this subject can be the result of what happens when one does not recognize an error they have committed. If you do something wrong but you wont admit that you've committed a mistake how would you be able to learn from it? In such a case of unaccepted mistakes how can error possibly be as valuable as accuracy if one is not able to learn from a mistake. This topic seems problematic to me and could be an interesting subject to think about.
For my prescribed titles assignment I would like to study the second, topic "Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge" and fourth topic "error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge" .
ReplyDeleteI think that the second topic is interesting because as students we continuously learn that it is necessary to look at multiple perspectives and resources to come to a conclusion. I also think that it is important to because in today's society there is a large increase in sources and data from books and the internet. I think that too much data could eventually become a problem but I think it depends on the level of the project. For this title I think I could look into something that relates to statistics because it requires multiple data observations to come to conclusions. I think the one piece of the title that confuses me is the "data" aspect just because I automatically condense it to only numbers.
The 4th topic is interesting because the idea of error is becoming more popular and positive. As students it is difficult to accept error and mistakes especially when trying to see them as helpful. However, mistakes and failures are where we learn how to improve for the future. I also think that this idea relates to various aspects of life whether it is through academics, sports, relationships etc. We learn more from mistakes and questions than we do by getting it right the first time. The two areas of knowledge aspect of the question confuses me but I think it is cause by the lack of depth for theory of knowledge.
For my prescribed titles assignment, I would like to explore and write about Title 1 and Title 5. I find that these two titles are related because they both fundamentally address the relationship between knowledge and understanding. In class, we haven't learned what knowledge truly is yet, however personally I feel that there are different levels to knowledge. We are often told things by others and often give things little thought. I often find myself believing what others tell me without personally considering their claims. Is that knowledge, or does knowledge only come with understanding. One of my personal issues with the school system and the way that students are taught is that we acquire knowledge in the wrong way. In order to understand a concept, students must not be told the answers, but instead guided to them. The personal struggle in getting to the solutions is what allows students to gain confidence and become effective problem solvers, which is what is going to set them apart from others in the workplace in the future.
ReplyDeleteTitle one interests me because I feel that recognition and judgement are two different components of knowledge. My grandfather always told me that in order to be truly knowledgeable, one must be able to teach the concept to another and I believe that before you can teach something to someone else, you must be able to personally judge/evaluate a specific claim.
Title number five also interests me because it addresses both knowledge and understanding, while incorporating metaphor. Metaphor is crucial in our understanding of things, because it allows us to attempt to experience an unknown experience through comparison. I think that metaphor can be used for understanding, but also to acquire knowledge because when anyone discovers something new, they must try to compare and contrast it to things they already know in order to better understand it as well as its relationships.
2.Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Explore this question with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDeleteThis topic grabs my attention because it either can have one answer or multiple answers. It can not be said that the data we have is enough to have enough knowledge. In class we have not really discussed what "enough" knowledge, in my opinion no one can't have enough knowledge. There are millions of books and there are billions of websites with information but maybe with not the information needed. This topic can bring up other questions and make it a very broad question.
4.“Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
I believe that this question , at least to me, has a logical answer. As humans we are not perfect. There is no such thing as perfect. This topic brings up the concept of perfection or the "right" thing. We think that the person who knows more, has more, therefore is more than others.Errors are what makes human beings to perfection. Because with mistakes we learn from them so that the same mistake is not made and therefore we gain more knowledge towards the right and wrong.
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ReplyDelete1. The acquisition of knowledge is more a matter of recognition than of judgment. Evaluate this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDelete3. Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective. Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
For my Prescribed Titles I would I like to go into depth with these two topics. I chose these two topics because they interest me in the sense that they relate to my own personal real life situations. Also because I feel that these two topics go hand in hand. They go hand in hand considering both topics talk about different types of perspective. Also, I feel by inspecting these topics I will have a better understanding of these topics and being that they provide a better question on how to think of the events that are around you.
I would choose titles 1 and 2. I am drawn to the first title because it gets your brian thinking and looking at something that you may never have thought of before. I also appreciate title number 1 because the acquisition of knowledge is more of a matter of recognition is for example, reading an article on the internet about facts as well as listening to a well known scientist talk about a newly found creation for something. Title number two is also appealing because the production of knowledge is always more helpful in data because our mind is able to process factual information. We can also know that the presenter of this data must be knowledgable and have a fulfilled resume.
ReplyDeleteFor the prescribed writing assignment I chose to write about topic three and four. I could write about how the way people get their knowledge can effect how they are. For example, if they do not give them the wrong knowledge then they won't have the right information. These topics were interesting to me because they are true. When people see things a different way then they stick with it and do not care what another person thinks even if the other person is right. It comes from where they are at. If they are wrong and they figure it out then they can see it from another point of view.
ReplyDeleteClaim number 2 is the one that seemed most interesting to me. When it refers to "data", you might automatically think of the natural sciences, in which case the answer is certainly yes. The natural sciences are built around the presence specific data, and therefore become more accurate in their knowledge when more data is available. In other areas of knowledge which are not dependent on external data or experimentation, such as religious knowledge systems, this is not the case. Knowledge is relatively static in these knowledge systems, so the presence of more data would not necessarily have any effect on the production of knowledge. The texts which religious knowledge systems are based on do not change or acquire new meaning.
ReplyDeleteThe second prescribed title that I find interesting is claim number 4. In ethics, this could be both correct and incorrect depending on the situation. Small ethical infractions are often perceived as valuable because they can be learned from and not repeated. Large ones, however, tend to have grave consequences, so much so that the erring individual may not have the opportunity to learn from the error. In another area of knowledge, like mathematics, there is absolutely no way to produce knowledge from error. Math is dependent on pinpoint accuracy for the production of any and all knowledge, and any grievance diminishes any possible value that the produced knowledge may have.
I chose topics four and six because they closely relate to sayings I always heard when I was younger. I believe number four is saying that you can learn not only from accuracy but from errors as well because correcting them is a learning experience in itself. I was always told "the road to success is paved with failures" and I think these are closely intertwined because they describe that error or failure is part of life and embracing it is something we must all do. Accepting failure is the first step to learning. Principle number six I believe highlights personal experience and learned experience throughout people's lives. What someone personally knows may have been completely street based or experience based, where shared knowledge is a broader spectrum of book smarts and factual learning. It is taught A comes before B and everyone knows that and it is shared knowledge among the general population, but personal knowledge may be "I know how to distinguish good food from bad food." The sixth principle is showing the broad and narrow spectrum of knowledge among people. Someones own feelings are personal knowledge only known by themselves. Schools teach math and science that is known by many. The question shows the distinct differences between knowledge and neither has a deeper understanding just a different approach.
ReplyDelete4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
ReplyDeleteThis title would be very interesting to write about, Error and Accuracy are two from a of knowledge as you learn from both. Like our football coach says , you win and you learn. Many think that failure / error sucks, but it is actually very important for us to gain knowledge and to learn from what we did wrong before. Being right is never a bad thing though as we can further our knowledge in that sense, where we know we are doing what ever it may be, correctly and learning from what we were taught.
6. “Ways of knowing operate differently in personal and shared knowledge.” Assess this claim.
I liked this prescribed title because we are exposed to both ways of knowledge everyday, being in school and in extra curricular activities I learn both personal and shared knowledge. For me I learn better from personal knowledge because I am able to experience it for myself, learn for myself. I realized that being in school all my years being taught in a classroom in from a of lectures, it is really hard for me to understand and really implant what I'm being taught in my mind. So both ways operate differently in my mind.
*I GET FULL PTS VT BECAUSE I WAS NOT HERE IN THE BEGINNING* :)
ReplyDelete3. “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
The term “always” is very questioning to me because I believe there are loopholes in a lot of things. However, I believe this statement is close to being 100% accurate, due to a lot of things I have witnessed in my life. This is evident in many lives, such as religion. There is one book which leads many to have different interpretations and thus perspectives. Humans are wired differently and the term “everyone is unique” is not only a cliche term that has little truth, but it really is very truthful. Down to our DNA and micro components that make us who we are varies, even within twins who are the closest two humans can ever be. This inward and outward appearance differentiation is also true in the way that we think and what we believe, if knowledge derives from these varied mindsets then difference in perspective is inevitable and that can result to conflicting knowledge.
4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
These questions consist of many traps such as words that allude to definite answers or beliefs. Here it says “as valuable” I do believe mistakes allow us to grow and to better our next attempts, however at times getting “the right answer” is much more effective. Or on the other than, errors can be more effective and more beneficial than being accurate. If the goal is to not be correct, but obtain more knowledge through the process than more knowledge would be found at the end of the day if both sides (wrong and right) are looked at in comparison to only looking at the correct side.
1) “The acquisition of knowledge is more a matter of recognition than of judgment.” Evaluate this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDeleteIntro: Equal opportunity programs
Look at different programs and their effectiveness. They operate on the assumption that it is possible for everyone to become equally educated.
Talk about how being able to learn is less a concrete fact and more a recognition of opportunity.
Body: Knowledge is in the eye of the beholder (so to speak)- there is opportunity to learn everywhere
History of the arts
The sophistication of the Greeks and their desire to explore
The impossible architecture of the Egyptians
Counter: People are given copious amounts of opportunity (money, good schooling, travel) and still choose to ignore it
On the other hand… the correlation between prior wealth and success
the socioeconomic classes and how they affect honors vs academic classes at monty
The success of scholarship students
2) Is the availability of more data always helpful in the production of knowledge? Explore this question with reference to two areas of knowledge.
Claim: No, it is not
Intro: “Knowledge is power”(latin saying)
How knowledge is good:
Talk about the progress we have made in technology
The education system’s belief that everybody must be proficient in all subjects.
As a society, we are obsessed with having more information instantly-- social media
Why the need for knowledge cripples us:
The need for constant communication keeps us from actually having conversations-- the lack of social skills the academic elite have today.
The Freak Factor study. A study that advocates focusing on excelling at a strength rather than becoming average in everything.
6) “Ways of knowing operate differently in personal and shared knowledge.” Assess this claim.
I would want to do a study using cheer practice where a couple seniors would fake a fight and then we would ask a few individuals what they thought of the issue they were arguing over. Later, as a group we would discuss and vote on the issues. I would want to see how their opinions and interpretations would change in a group compared to one on one conversation. I would also be interested in if the changes would be more prominent based off of their personalities (introvert vs extrovert).
I would then compare this to police reports and maybe criminal psychology and witness testimony.
ReplyDelete4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
Topic 4 is interesting to think about relative to our own society. Perfection is certainly valued and definitely praised, not only in American society but on a global scale, an example of this would be the Olympics. Yet when confronting mistakes different cultures may have different ideologies on how to feel about them. Humans are not perfect, and if a person or society makes a mistake, hopefully they will learn to avoid doing it again. This idea can similarly be applied to all aspects of life, weather it be personal or on a larger scale dealing with economics or politics. This is why one must value error equally as much as perfection, because you can learn and acquire knowledge from both.
5. “Metaphor makes no contribution to knowledge but is essential for understanding.” Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge.
In the evaluation of Topic 5 I would both agree and disagree to this statement. As IB students we deal with metaphor in almost every text we read whether it be in a play or novel, and it allows for deeper thinking and the reader to reflect. Metaphor also adds a form of written art to a text, with hidden meanings. Because of this metaphor is most certainly essential for understanding, but I disagree with the fact that it makes no contribution to knowledge. If you are able to understand a piece of text more in depth than you previously did because of a device of figurative language, then that qualifies as a contribution to knowledge.
4. "Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge." To what extent is this case in two areas of knowledge?
ReplyDeleteError is something all of us humans have in this world; it is part of nature. Although some see it as a nuisance, it is what makes us humans unique, and so defective at the same time. Mistakes allow for us as humans to grow in understanding, and knowledge in the world. If a person never makes a mistake in his life, then he or she can not grow or improve in their understanding for what they have done. Mistakes are what make us humans, and allow us to acquire knowledge from our errors, and how to prevent in the future. Thru error we achieve accuracy over time, so yes error is essential in achieving accuracy. Accuracy, and perfection are as well highly admired in today's society such as in a census where it most crucial to get accurate estimates. In gymnastics precision in landing on the high beam, and in other events is crucial for a good score.
5. "Do metaphors make no contribution to knowledge, but is essential for understanding." Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge.
Metaphors in whatever language it may be in, provide an interesting way of understanding through words. One good example of this is, "I'm so hungry that I can eat an elephant", it gives us a way of knowing how hungry the speaker is thru metaphors. Metaphors give us an interesting way of understanding the speakers needs or feelings thru writing. This allows for the reader to gain a deeper understanding for the character in the book. So yes, metaphors do not allow the readers to gain knowledge, but allow for a deeper understanding for the reader to know a characters desire or needs thru writing.
I believe that the prescribed title 2) “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge." is an interesting topic to look at. As a society we put great emphasis on the need to be right and always accurate, however we often over look the importance of failure and error. If we as a race succeeded in everything that we attempted to do, we would have no drive to make anything better or have a work ethic of any sort. The invariability from learning from ones mistakes is often over looked and yet an important part to society. Sometimes the way to truly remember how to do something or learn something is to first fail and then work to succeed and overcome an obstacle.
ReplyDeleteI believe that prescribed title 1) “The acquisition of knowledge is more a matter of recognition than of judgment.” is also an interesting topic to look at. It is easy to stick to your own personal view point on an issue or topic, however in this way you gain no new knowledge or other view points. In an effort to acquire knowledge, one must recognize the different perspectives that other humans come from and why they might see something differently than you. In doing so, your view on a matter might not always change, but you do in fact acquire knowledge that you might not have had before.
3. “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDelete- This is an interesting topic because everybody has different perspectives on things and I believe some people's perspectives are more influential than others. There have been many times in my life where I have changed my perspective in a positive manner through dialogue with friends or family. It is often through conflicting knowledge claims that we are able to learn and grow. By questioning and challenging what we perceive as true, we simply will continue to learn.
4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
I believe that as humans, we learn the most through our errors and mistakes. Although people dread making mistakes in fear of humiliation or consequence, we obtain newfound knowledge every time we mess up. Our mistakes are a fundamental part to the learning process of becoming an adult. Many of our morals and values come from seeing others mistakes as well, and our fear of seeing ourselves or our loved ones repeat them.
Victoria Martinez
ReplyDeleteOctober 11, 2016
Van Tuyl
TOK/Per. 2
PRESCRIBED TILES
“The acquisition of knowledge is more a matter of recognition than of judgment.” Evaluate this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.
When learning something new it does matter how you or others feel about it but what you do with. It is how you carry that knowledge that matters than what is thought of it. Ethics is what gives us the morals of that knowledge and it correlates of what people think of the line in which it gives us a boundary. A boundary that is often very independent if that knowledge your learned is about it would impact people. Not just their feelings but of their well-being. It is not enough to lead the line because it is what others would think of you but what will best for everything. Also, must consider history. Past experiences can help by recognizing past trends. It gives us how the chain of events was lead to and its interactions.
Victoria Martinez
ReplyDeleteOctober 11, 2016
Van Tuyl
TOK/Per. 2
PRESCRIBED TILES
3. “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
It comes down on your religious knowledge and ethics. Your religion can either sets a perspective and dismiss other views. When given a set of perspective “goggles” of the world you look at the world on how much you believe on your religion whether sets you with stern view or how liberal you are with others. With ethics gives us our morals of what can or cannot be pushed. It sets a limit, in this case, of what is known or true. Ethics gives us the warning sign of what can be said and done and helps but it gives us a signal to our brain whether we are open or closed to that topic. If it is close we could dismiss the whole idea but in extreme we close off to those who say are open.
“Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDeleteWhat I found interesting regarding this title is the question it brings up: "is our knowledge really the truth or is it simply tainted by our own perspectives?". For example in history class, we learn information based on our nations perspective of a war event, although would the kids of the opposing (in this case nation) have a different knowledge of the same topic due to a difference in perspective? This is a fascinating topic to look deeper into. If I were to write a paper on this I would essentially discuss that question and go deeper into it with research on a study or experiment (assuming there is one). As far as limitations, the title is limited in its vagueness. One may write on something different than the intent of the title was due to a different understanding on what the title was referring to.
1. “The acquisition of knowledge is more a matter of recognition than of judgment.” Evaluate this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge.
The relevance to myself is what stuck out to my regarding this title. I found that it is mind over matter in a sense when it comes to knowledge or intelligence. It also ties in with ones confidence, if you are confident going into something the likelihood of success or the desired outcome is much more likely. What I would essentially talk about if I were to write a paper on this is my own experiences with the matter and then maybe tie that into a study on the topic because I'm sure there is one. Personally I found that having lost recognition or confidence in my intelligence impeded my success drastically. An increase has only supported my success now a days, so I would go into further depth regarding that. The title is limited in what one can write about, it may be hard for someone to write a full length paper or find more to write about on this topic.
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ReplyDelete4. “Error is as valuable as accuracy in the production of knowledge.” To what extent is this the case in two areas of knowledge?
ReplyDeleteI was drawn to this title because as humans we have been learning through trial and error for as long as we've existed. This also applies to sciences, quite recently scientists accidentally created a battery cell that would never deplete, with absolutely no intention of doing so. Accuracy is quite important, however making mistakes allows us to potentially discover something new or acquire a new pieces of knowledge. There are parameters to this statement, you would never want to get everything you ever do wrong in hopes of discovering something you weren't even looking for.
3. “Conflicting knowledge claims always involve a difference in perspective.” Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
ReplyDeleteIn order to evaluate this prescribed title, I would assess it with reference to the areas of knowledge of the arts and ethics. The arts are completely perspective based and open to interpretation regarding your own personal views. The standard for "good art" is continuously shifting as time progresses based off of the individual perspectives people develop over time that create a cohesive perspective that decides what art is "good" and what art is "bad". This title is intriguing to me because of how you can analyze ethics with regards to personal opinion. Is there a send all tell all set of guidelines that determines what is good and what is bad? Is ethical and moral code determined person to person based on experiences or knowledge? I would predict issues with finding feasible real world examples for these areas of knowledge for this title.
6. “Ways of knowing operate differently in personal and shared knowledge.” Assess this claim.
I am interested in this prescribed title because of its relevance to development in our society— technology now-a-days is based off of collaboration and shared knowledge, however there are facets of ways of knowing that operate on an individual level still to this day. One of these ways of knowing includes memory. Memory is individually experiences due to everyone's own unique perception of occurrences in life. Another way of knowing that I would evaluate for this prescribed title is emotion. Emotion can be felt in groups of people, including full societies, however can also be extremely personally based. I would predict issues with finding counterarguments for this prescribed title.